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- WORLD, Page 32CHINARise of a Perfect ApparatchikDeng asserts his authority with a surprise party appointment
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- The new name at the top of the party roster reads Jiang Zemin,
- but power in China still rests in the hands of a few octogenarians.
- So it made sense for them to choose as party General Secretary a
- man known as "the weather vane." Jiang is the consummate
- apparatchik, whose rise to nominal power rests almost wholly on his
- ability to read China's swirling political winds correctly. The
- 63-year-old former mayor of Shanghai perfectly mirrors the party
- line of the moment -- slower economic reform coupled with rigid
- political orthodoxy -- as he made clear last week in his maiden
- address. Jiang skipped lightly over his long-standing commitment
- to open-door economics in favor of defending the wave of repression
- that has followed the crash of the democracy movement. Said the
- party boss: "We shouldn't have an iota of forgiveness."
-
- As Jiang settled into his new job, the purge widened against
- party officials and intellectuals associated with his more moderate
- predecessor, Zhao Ziyang, who was formally dismissed on June 24
- from most of his major posts but not the party. The country was
- also subjected to an intense campaign aimed at building the
- visibility of 84-year-old Deng Xiaoping, who used to eschew the
- cult of personality but has come out of semiretirement to show that
- he is still firmly in charge. A speech Deng delivered on June 9
- defending his order to the army to remove the demonstrators from
- Tiananmen Square was broadcast last week and widely praised by
- officials. Copies were distributed to schoolchildren for summer
- study.
-
- The most important evidence of Deng's strength may be the
- unexpected appointment of Jiang. The beefy Shanghai official does
- not have any national power base or ties to the army, which makes
- him no threat to anyone in the hierarchy and thoroughly beholden
- to those who appointed him. As a tough-minded disciplinarian and
- agile implementer of policy, he is an ideal Secretary. "Deng is
- once again very much a hands-on leader," said a senior British
- diplomat.
-
- Other analysts read the elevation of a political neuter like
- Jiang as a signal that the succession battle between conservatives
- and liberals is not over. "He's manageable, and he'll serve as a
- placeholder until this power struggle is sorted out," said an Asian
- diplomat in Beijing. Still other observers thought Jiang owed his
- new job to a very recent success: his skillful "big lie" campaign
- aimed at convincing many Chinese that no civilian massacre ever
- happened.
-
- Born in Yangzhou, near Shanghai, Jiang was educated as an
- engineer. He was sent to train in Moscow during the same period as
- hard-line Premier Li Peng. Unusually cosmopolitan for a Chinese
- leader, Jiang speaks Russian and English and reads several other
- languages. He advanced steadily in the machine and electronics
- industries until the Cultural Revolution temporarily derailed his
- career. Rehabilitated, he used his back-room skills in carrying out
- post-Mao economic policy to earn him election in 1982 to the
- Central Committee.
-
- When Deng sought to develop Shanghai into a major industrial
- center, he turned to the faithful Jiang as the city's mayor.
- Jiang's unswerving orthodoxy and ability to bend at the slightest
- breeze endeared him to his Beijing superiors but not to
- Shanghainese. Nor were they impressed by his mediocre abilities as
- an administrator. After three years, he was shifted to Shanghai
- party chief in 1988 to make way for a more effective mayor.
-
- Many observers predict that Jiang's incumbency as party
- Secretary will be equally short-lived, in the mode of Hua Guofeng,
- who first succeeded Mao Zedong. Hua warmed the top party chair for
- five years while Deng emerged. Just how long Jiang can hang on may
- depend less on his legendary skills at reading the political wind
- than on the longevity of the old men who lifted him to power.